POLSKA	POLAND
województwo: Małopolskie	voivodship: Lesser Poland (Cracovia)
miasto na prawach powiatu: Kraków	city: Cracow

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Kraków was founded in the 10th century (first mention in a document from 965). Around 1000 it became the seat of a bishop. Destroyed by the Mongoles in 1241 the settlement was rebuilt and was elevated to a town in 1257. Since 1320 it was the Polish capital. In 1525, the "Peace of Kraków" sealed the transformation of the clerical state of the Teutonic Order into a secular state, the Duchy of Prussia (see Malbork/Marienburg). 1797–1809, following the 3rd Partition of Poland, Kraków was occupied by Austria. From 1809 until 1814 it became part of the Duchy of Warsaw (personal union with the Kingdom of Saxony). The "Congress of Vienna" made Kraków an independent free state in 1815 (see map), but Austria regained power in 1846. At the end of World War I it became part of Poland again (see map), only interrupted by the occupation by Nazi Germany 1939–1945. The historic centre of Kraków as listed as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage in 1978. Together with Avignon, Bergen, Bologna, Brussels, Helsinki, Prague, Reykjavik and Santiago de Compostela, Kraków was selected as European Capital of Culture for the year 2000.

The Royal Archcathedral Basilica of Saints Stanislaus and Wenceslaus on the Wawel Hill [left] on the Wawel was built in the 14th century (consecrated in 1359) and dedicated to Saint Stanislaus, the patron saint of Poland. It was the place of the coronations of the Polish Kings and also their burial place. Also buried here are the poet Adam Mickiewics, the revolutionary Tadeusz Kosciuszko and the statesman Józef Pilsudski. The cathedral has the status of a Basilica minor since time immemorial (probably the 18th century). In 1978, Karol Cardinal Wojtyła, Archbishop of Kraków, became the first non-Italian pope (John Paul II) since 1523.

(see also list of other basilicae minores depicted on glasses of this collection)

Wawel castle [right, no. 280: top right, and left, no. 431] was begun in the 13th century and subsequently enlarged. Most parts were erected under King Casimir the Great and King August II. Until 1610 it was the residence of the Polish kings. In 1611, King Sigismund III transferred the residence to Warsaw.

The church of Saint Mary [right, no. 280: top left], begun in 1223 and further enlarged in the 14th century houses a famous altar by the German sculptor Veit Stoß.

The Sukiennice (Cloth Hall) [left, no. 3675; right, no. 280: bottom; and below, no. 247] was originally created in the 14th century, but was rebuilt in Renaissance style in the 16th century and renewed 1876–1879.