ČESKÁ REPUBLIKA	CZECH REPUBLIC
Jihomoravský kraj	South Moravia (Brno) region
Okres: Břeclav

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Mikulov (German: Nikolsburg) is situated on the left bank of the river Dyje (Thaya) in the Břeclav district of South Moravia. Mentioned in 1249 as village it was already a market town in 1269 and obtained the freedom of the city in 1359. When Balthasar Hubmeier came to Mikulov in 1526 the town became a center of the Anabaptists until 1622. Eighteen publications of Hubmeier were published here by the Anabaptists' press which had been founded in 1526. Mikulov also was the centre of one of the largest Jewish communities in Moravia. Between 1553 and 1573 it was the seat of Rabbi Löw. After the Battle of Austerlitz (Slavkov u Brna) in 1805 French troops occupied the town and Austria conducted peace negotiations with Napoleon here. During the war between Prussia and Austria in 1866 Mikulov was the Prussian headquarters. After the Battle of Königgrätz (today Hradec Kralové), which ended with a victory by Prussia, a preliminary peace treaty was signed here. After the occupation of the Czechoslovak Republic by Nazi Germany, the district of Mikulov was joined to Lower Austria (then Gau Niederdonau) between 1939 and 1945.

The  castle of Mikulov [left no. 533: top left / below no. 178: top centre] goes back to the early 14th century (before 1322). This medieval castle was replaced by a new one built by the Princes of Dietrichstein in 1611–1618. After 1719 the castle obtained its splendid Baroque features. In 1945 the castle was set in flames by fleeing Wehrmacht soldiers. Between 1948 and 1961 the castle was carefully restored. The cellar of the castle still houses the world's largest wooden wine barrel (made in 1643 and holding 1010 hectolitres).

The late Gothic  parish church St. Wenzel [left no. 533: centre background] obtained a rich Rococo interior during the 18th century.

The  church St. Anna [right no. 178: centre foreground] was built in 1701–1706 with a magnificent façade in high Baroque style. The chancel of the church was transformed into a mausoleum for the Dietrichstein family between 1844 and 1856 in late Classicist style.

Born in Mikulov/Nikolsburg were:
Joseph von SONNENFELS (1732–1817), one of the most important personalities of the Age of Enlightenment in Austria.
David FEUCHTWANG (1864–1936), rabbi and theologian in Mikulov and Vienna.
Adolf SCHäRF (1890–1965), Federal President of Austria (1957–1965).

Students at the grammar-school of Mikulov/Nikolsburg were:
Jan Evangelista Purkyně (1787–1869), natural scientist.
Karl Renner (1870–1950), Federal President of Austria (1945–1950).