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| POLSKA | POLAND |
| województwo: Śląskie | voivodship: Silesia |
| powiat: Cieszyn | county: Cieszyn |
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Cieszyn is situated at an elevation of 288 m on the right bank of the river Olza (Czech: Olše, German: Olsa), which here formes the border between Poland and the Czech Republic. Across the river lies the Czech town of Český Těšín, once part of the historic town Cieszyn (Polish) / Těšín (Czech) / Teschen (German). The municipality of Cieszyn has a population of about 36,100 (2012).
The pace was first mentioned in documents in the 12th century. The town
itself was founded 1292 near a castle on the left bank of the river. Later, the
historic town centre developed on the right bank of the river. The town obtained
the municipal rights in 1364. The Duchy of Teschen belonged to the Bohemian
Crown from 1625. The title of Duke of Teschen was borne
by Leopold Joseph of Lorraine from 1722, then by Emperor Franz I (Franz Stephan of Lorraine,
husband of Maria Theresia of Austria), then by their daughter Maria Christine and
her husband Duke Albrecht von Sachsen-Teschen.
The Peace of Teschen (13 May 1779) ended the Bavarian War of Succession between
Prussia and Austria.
After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the historic part of the town on the right bank [see glass] became part of Poland (Cieszyn), whereas the new town and the industrial area on the left bank became of part of the Czechoslovak Republic (Český Těšín). After the Treaty of Munich, Český Těšín was occupied by Poland (together with the Czech towns of Karviná, Orlová, Bohumín and Petrovice). In 1939 Cieszyn was occupied by Germany and became part of Upper Silesia (except Český Těšín, which became part of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia). Since 1945, the river Olza (Czech: Olše, German: Olsa) again marks the border between Poland (Cieszyn) and the Czechoslovak (today Czech) Republic (Český Těšín).
The Austrian politician Rudolf Ramek (1881–1941; Chancellor of Austria 1924–1926) was born in Teschen / Cieszyn / Těšín.
The 
Archducal palace [near left, no. 4660] was built in 1838–1840 in Classicist
style by the Viennese architect Joseph Kornhäusel for Archduke Karl, Duke of Teschen, third son of
Emperor Leopold II. The site had been previously occupied by the upper and lower castles that had been destroyed during the
Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). While the upper castle was removed completely to make room for an English park, the ruins of
the lower castle were rebuild into a residential hunting palace. The palace did not perform its original function. It was rarely visited
by the Habsburgs (who most often stayed in Vienna) and on everyday basis was the seat of the Chamber of Cieszyn, the administration
of the lands owned personally by the Habsburgs in this area. In 1918 the Hunting Palace became the seat of the National Council of the
Duchy of Cieszyn, the first Polish authority in the area of Cieszyn Silesia. Since 1974 a part of the Hunting Palace has been the seat
of the Ignacy Paderewski State School of Music. Since 2005 the remaining part of the palace and a newly build conservatory has served as
the seat of Zamek Cieszyn, a cultural institution that is a design centre.
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsburg_Palace,_Cieszyn;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen]
The picture on glass no. 2843 [left] shows a view across the bridge over the river (about where the trees are depicted on the right) into the street
Sachsenberg
![[scale]](lineal.jpg)